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Deterioration of buildings has been a recurring menace over the years. Architects, having designed buildings; with all detailed specifications and thereafter analyzed structurally by qualified Structural Engineers are required to stand for years with little or no apparent depreciation of values in functions, purpose and aesthetics. The arbitrary acts of concerned stakeholders in the building industry to checkmate this kind of perpetual use or application of inferior building materials is emerging even to the highest level. This paper therefore examined various effects of these inferior materials on the building deterioration. Various causes of such deteriorations and the appropriate remedies were highlighted. A theoretical research approach through review of some relevant literatures was employed. It was revealed that high-cost, low supply, ignorance, hastiness and so on were traced to the views of building owners/occupants and the resultant effects which include foundation weakening, cracking of walls, roof leakage, wracking of doors and windows were highlighted. It was concluded that appropriate measures be put into practice. This study recommends that a long-lasting existence of buildings can be achieved through appropriate measures both in quantity and quality control.

Land is the platform of human existence and the most basic resource without which no life can live. It serves as the foundation for the creation of the three requirements of life: food, shelter, and clothes. One of the primary aims of emerging countries is to accelerate economic growth. A country's economy must diversify to ensure the successful sustainability of existence. As a result, the article investigated land administration and management in the context of economic growth. It examined previous land administration, land governance, and land management. Different land framework approaches were also discussed. The report proposed government interference in land as a source of revenue for the economy.

The challenge in snails rearing involved knowing how to formulate the feed that will meet the nutritional requirements of snails, most importantly in the dry season when almost all the vegetation are dried up. So, the aimed of the study is to formulate snail’s feed using Quail Droppings Meal (QDM) and to ascertain how it can supplement the leaves which are commonly used in feeding snails. Four experimental feeds I -V with QDM of different ratios as source of protein were formulated and chemical composition of the snails haemolymph were determined using standard procedures. Snails that were given feed V, consumed the highest amount of feed with high weight and width while the snails that were given feed I, has the highest Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and shell length. Snail haemolymph was analysed for its proximate which revealed that crude protein and ash contents value were low in snails treated with feed I and was highest in snails with feed V. Also, the mineral contents of snails hemolymph were analyzed for which recorded that snails treated with feed V had the highest value of phosphorus, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium and sodium. The result of the study based on the result of analysis indicated that the formulated feeds with QDM were well-consumed by A. marginata which also increased their growth performance, more than the control feed which did not contain QDM.

Entrepreneurship and vocational education are widely recognized as crucial components of national development strategies due to their significant impact on human resource development. Their role in job creation, productivity, and economic growth cannot be overstated, as they have the potential to cultivate skills that promote self-employment, self-reliance, and expedite economic growth and development. This study examines the contribution of entrepreneurship and vocational education to sustainable development and the challenges they face in Nigeria. The research utilizes an exploratory research design to provide information and enhance understanding of entrepreneurship and vocational education. Secondary sources were used to collect data. The findings indicate that entrepreneurship and vocational education equip graduates and unemployed youth with skills for self-reliance and employment, thereby making a meaningful contribution to the country's economic development and sustainability. However, the study emphasizes the need for the government to prioritize resource allocation to entrepreneurship and vocational education and training, and to redirect policies towards strengthening tertiary education and vocational institutes in order to foster entrepreneurial and vocational skills for sustainable national development in Nigeria.

Electrical fires are the easiest and most neglected means leading to fire outbreaks in homes; these are due largely to a lot of factors some of which includes: poor sizing of cables, poor electrical installations, overloading of electrical circuits, substandard use of electrical accessories and fittings etc. This study investigates residential electrical installation protection scheme in Lagos State. Primary and secondary data were employed to achieve the aim of this study. Closed ended questionnaires were administered to fifty-one (51) residents of Kosofe Local Government to address the research questions. The sources of secondary data were from Lagos State Fire Service Department and Lagos State Emergency Management Agency (LASEMA) covering 2013 to 2017. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze data. Results obtained from the findings revealed that there are no deliberate design considerations put in place to provide protection against electrical fire and electrocution. Majority of fire outbreaks in Kosofe local government is due to lack of compliance. 82.32% of the respondents lack thunder arrestors on the building where they live. The level of exposure to impact of lightening is very high. RCDs are additional protection device provided to give supplementary protection against electric shocks, current leakages and electrical fire. 70% of the respondents don’t know what RCDs are and 82% do not have a RCD installed in their homes. In addition, the study revealed that 98% of the residents, who participated in the survey, don’t have a smoke detector or smoke alarm installed in their homes. This percentage is high and it further shows how exposed they are to fire outbreak. Based on results of this study, a few recommendations have been provided.

In many developing countries, such as Nigeria, dwindling resources and growing populations are aggravated by rising food demand and insufficient skilled manpower. The excessive usage of water resources from irrigation is reducing the amount of water available for future crops, and some of these concerns are affecting food security. In the end, an effective development strategy for efficient agricultural output will be required. This paper, titled "Digital innovation and Automation as sustainable development strategies for enhanced agricultural sector," focuses on advancements in agricultural technology and innovation, such as automation, artificial intelligence (AI), and wireless communication to achieve system optimization. Cross-cutting technology like the cloud, sensors, robotics, and digital communication tools are among the instruments that enable digital agriculture for improved efficiencies, healthy crop production and less waste in the field. To improve storage and processing capability, digital agriculture needs the collecting of digital data at a rate of several zettabytes (ZB—the equivalent of several trillion gigabytes, or GB) per year. Artificial intelligence-powered software and remote sensors increase the value of agricultural machines all around the world. The findings reveal that autonomous robots increased output yields by lowering farmers' dependency on pesticides and herbicides. In the near future, it is recommended that the farming process be modernized to include automation and digital innovation for enhanced agricultural practices.

The phenomenon of youth unemployment has been established to be a major bane in human society as it is characterised with lots of negatives such as brain drain, increase in social vices and a tool for social and political unrest. The paper examines the issue of youth unemployment and looks at potential interventions such as effective career counselling to curtailing the social menace. As part of measures to reduce the alarming rate of unemployment in Nigeria, the recommendations are put forward as strategies to address the societal menace and these include that the government should create an enabling environment for both public and private businesses to thrive and create job opportunities and adoption of sound macroeconomic policies for the promotion of total growth in employment among others. Unemployment has been identified with various social problems in the society as Career counselling and vocational education is considered an important tool to curtail the menace, hence, utmost priority should be given to it right from primary school to prevent misplacement of priority in choice of career among others. The increasing rate of unemployment is worrisome and as such requires pragmatic and holistic approach to curtailing further implications for a conducive, progressive and ideal society to live.

Clothes are important covering for children’s body and can serve as an effective means of ensuring their healthy growth and development. This study examines the harmful effect of non-cotton fabric on children’s health in Abeokuta township of Ogun State. One hundred mothers and care givers were purposively randomly selected from three government owned and one private hospitals in the study area. Data collection was through the means of questionnaire comprising of 20 questions on the subject matter and the questionnaires collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Result reviewed cotton, polyester, spandex, rayon, acrylic and nylon as fabric materials used for children clothing. Also body heat, blistering and redness of skin, sweating and eczema are identified as possible effect of non-cotton fabric for children clothing. In conclusion, children’s clothing should be thoroughly washed in non-toxic detergent, sundried and ironed to kill harmful chemicals from organic or natural fibre materials. The study recommends that synthetic and chemical treated fabrics should be avoided for children’s wears and government should regulate raw materials used in the production of children clothing by fabric/textiles industry.

The risks of cigarette smoking to public health make it one of the biggest public health issues in the world, and improved understanding of cigarette smoking behaviors is necessary. With countless warnings from manufacturers and advertisers of tobacco products, the rate of smoking in Nigeria has been on the increase. The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of tobacco laws and regulations on sales and consumption of tobacco products in Nigeria. The population of the study was 258 while the sampling size was 60. Questionnaire was administered randomly on selected respondents in tobacco retail shops in the five local government areas of Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. Findings revealed that there is significant relationship between advertising and sales of tobacco products [X2 calculated (9.6) > X2 tabulated (3.841)] and that there is significant relationship between tobacco control bill and consumption of tobacco products [X2 calculated (13.06) > X2 tabulated (3.841)] in the five selected local government councils in Ibadan metropolis. It is concluded that with the stringent laws and regulations on advertising and sales of tobacco products, yet, the sales of tobacco product are on the increase. It is therefore recommended that communication should be strengthened to discourage more users, encourage present consumers of tobacco products to quit smoking habit, and that a cessation programme be introduced to reduce the total number of tobacco users by the Federal Ministry of Health.

The study investigated the effects of maternal employment on child-upbringing practices in Abeokuta South and North Local Government Areas of Ogun state. Description research designs of survey method was adopted. A simple random sampling technique was employed and 500 subjects drawn from a population of 449,088. Three research objectives were raised and two hypotheses formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The findings were: that there was significant relationship between the traditional and modern child-upbringing practices tested with the paired t-test, while maternal employment affected child-upbringing practices. It was recommended among others was that employed mothers should integrate and use the positive traditional and modern child-upbringing practices for a better development of the children.